Visualize predictions with tables

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This covers how to track, visualize, and compare model predictions over the course of training, using PyTorch on MNIST data.

You will learn how to:

1. Log metrics, images, text, etc. to a wandb.Table() during model training or evaluation
2. View, sort, filter, group, join, interactively query, and explore these tables
3. Compare model predictions or results: dynamically across specific images, hyperparameters/model versions, or time steps.

Examples

Compare predicted scores for specific images

Live example: compare predictions after 1 vs 5 epochs of training →

The histograms compare per-class scores between the two models. The top green bar in each histogram represents model “CNN-2, 1 epoch” (id 0), which only trained for 1 epoch. The bottom purple bar represents model “CNN-2, 5 epochs” (id 1), which trained for 5 epochs. The images are filtered to cases where the models disagree. For example, in the first row, the “4” gets high scores across all the possible digits after 1 epoch, but after 5 epochs it scores highest on the correct label and very low on the rest.

Focus on top errors over time

Live example →

See incorrect predictions (filter to rows where “guess” != “truth”) on the full test data. Note that there are 229 wrong guesses after 1 training epoch, but only 98 after 5 epochs.

Compare model performance and find patterns

See full detail in a live example →

Filter out correct answers, then group by the guess to see examples of misclassified images and the underlying distribution of true labels—for two models side-by-side. A model variant with 2X the layer sizes and learning rate is on the left, and the baseline is on the right. Note that the baseline makes slightly more mistakes for each guessed class.

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Sign up or login to W&B to see and interact with your experiments in the browser.

In this example we’re using Google Colab as a convenient hosted environment, but you can run your own training scripts from anywhere and visualize metrics with W&B’s experiment tracking tool.

!pip install wandb -qqq

log to your account

import wandb
wandb.login()

WANDB_PROJECT = "mnist-viz"

0. Setup

Install dependencies, download MNIST, and create train and test datasets using PyTorch.

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision
import torchvision.transforms as T 
import torch.nn.functional as F


device = "cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"

# create train and test dataloaders
def get_dataloader(is_train, batch_size, slice=5):
    "Get a training dataloader"
    ds = torchvision.datasets.MNIST(root=".", train=is_train, transform=T.ToTensor(), download=True)
    loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset=ds, 
                                         batch_size=batch_size, 
                                         shuffle=True if is_train else False, 
                                         pin_memory=True, num_workers=2)
    return loader

1. Define the model and training schedule

• Set the number of epochs to run, where each epoch consists of a training step and a validation (test) step. Optionally configure the amount of data to log per test step. Here the number of batches and number of images per batch to visualize are set low to simplify the demo.
• Define a simple convolutional neural net (following pytorch-tutorial code).
• Load in train and test sets using PyTorch

# Number of epochs to run
# Each epoch includes a training step and a test step, so this sets
# the number of tables of test predictions to log
EPOCHS = 1

# Number of batches to log from the test data for each test step
# (default set low to simplify demo)
NUM_BATCHES_TO_LOG = 10 #79

# Number of images to log per test batch
# (default set low to simplify demo)
NUM_IMAGES_PER_BATCH = 32 #128

# training configuration and hyperparameters
NUM_CLASSES = 10
BATCH_SIZE = 32
LEARNING_RATE = 0.001
L1_SIZE = 32
L2_SIZE = 64
# changing this may require changing the shape of adjacent layers
CONV_KERNEL_SIZE = 5

# define a two-layer convolutional neural network
class ConvNet(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, num_classes=10):
        super(ConvNet, self).__init__()
        self.layer1 = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(1, L1_SIZE, CONV_KERNEL_SIZE, stride=1, padding=2),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(L1_SIZE),
            nn.ReLU(),
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2))
        self.layer2 = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(L1_SIZE, L2_SIZE, CONV_KERNEL_SIZE, stride=1, padding=2),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(L2_SIZE),
            nn.ReLU(),
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2))
        self.fc = nn.Linear(7*7*L2_SIZE, NUM_CLASSES)
        self.softmax = nn.Softmax(NUM_CLASSES)

    def forward(self, x):
        # uncomment to see the shape of a given layer:
        #print("x: ", x.size())
        out = self.layer1(x)
        out = self.layer2(out)
        out = out.reshape(out.size(0), -1)
        out = self.fc(out)
        return out

train_loader = get_dataloader(is_train=True, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE)
test_loader = get_dataloader(is_train=False, batch_size=2*BATCH_SIZE)

device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")

2. Run training and log test predictions

For every epoch, run a training step and a test step. For each test step, create a wandb.Table() in which to store test predictions. These can be visualized, dynamically queried, and compared side by side in your browser.

# convenience funtion to log predictions for a batch of test images
def log_test_predictions(images, labels, outputs, predicted, test_table, log_counter):
  # obtain confidence scores for all classes
  scores = F.softmax(outputs.data, dim=1)
  log_scores = scores.cpu().numpy()
  log_images = images.cpu().numpy()
  log_labels = labels.cpu().numpy()
  log_preds = predicted.cpu().numpy()
  # adding ids based on the order of the images
  _id = 0
  for i, l, p, s in zip(log_images, log_labels, log_preds, log_scores):
    # add required info to data table:
    # id, image pixels, model's guess, true label, scores for all classes
    img_id = str(_id) + "_" + str(log_counter)
    test_table.add_data(img_id, wandb.Image(i), p, l, *s)
    _id += 1
    if _id == NUM_IMAGES_PER_BATCH:
      break

# W&B: Initialize a new run to track this model's training
with wandb.init(project="table-quickstart") as run:

    # W&B: Log hyperparameters using config
    cfg = run.config
    cfg.update({"epochs" : EPOCHS, "batch_size": BATCH_SIZE, "lr" : LEARNING_RATE,
                "l1_size" : L1_SIZE, "l2_size": L2_SIZE,
                "conv_kernel" : CONV_KERNEL_SIZE,
                "img_count" : min(10000, NUM_IMAGES_PER_BATCH*NUM_BATCHES_TO_LOG)})

    # define model, loss, and optimizer
    model = ConvNet(NUM_CLASSES).to(device)
    criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
    optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=LEARNING_RATE)

    # train the model
    total_step = len(train_loader)
    for epoch in range(EPOCHS):
        # training step
        for i, (images, labels) in enumerate(train_loader):
            images = images.to(device)
            labels = labels.to(device)
            # forward pass
            outputs = model(images)
            loss = criterion(outputs, labels)
            # backward and optimize
            optimizer.zero_grad()
            loss.backward()
            optimizer.step()
    
            # W&B: Log loss over training steps, visualized in the UI live
            run.log({"loss" : loss})
            if (i+1) % 100 == 0:
                print ('Epoch [{}/{}], Step [{}/{}], Loss: {:.4f}'
                    .format(epoch+1, EPOCHS, i+1, total_step, loss.item()))
                

        # W&B: Create a Table to store predictions for each test step
        columns=["id", "image", "guess", "truth"]
        for digit in range(10):
        columns.append("score_" + str(digit))
        test_table = wandb.Table(columns=columns)

        # test the model
        model.eval()
        log_counter = 0
        with torch.no_grad():
            correct = 0
            total = 0
            for images, labels in test_loader:
                images = images.to(device)
                labels = labels.to(device)
                outputs = model(images)
                _, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1)
                if log_counter < NUM_BATCHES_TO_LOG:
                log_test_predictions(images, labels, outputs, predicted, test_table, log_counter)
                log_counter += 1
                total += labels.size(0)
                correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()

            acc = 100 * correct / total
            # W&B: Log accuracy across training epochs, to visualize in the UI
            run.log({"epoch" : epoch, "acc" : acc})
            print('Test Accuracy of the model on the 10000 test images: {} %'.format(acc))

        # W&B: Log predictions table to wandb
        run.log({"test_predictions" : test_table})

What’s next?

The next tutorial, you will learn how to optimize hyperparameters using W&B Sweeps.